COP30 ends with progress on adaptation, but without consensus on fossil fuels

The final agreement reached in Belém aims to triple adaptation finance by 2035 and boost climate commitments, but avoids including a roadmap for a fossil fuel phase-out despite demands from over 80 countries

The Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP30), held in the Brazilian city of Belém and attended by G-advisory, has concluded with a final agreement. Progress has been made on financing for adaptation and the commitment to the Paris Agreement goal, but makes no mention of a roadmap to phase out fossil fuels.

The agreement includes the aim to triple finance for adaptation by 2035 to support the most vulnerable countries with fewer resources. The text makes no mention of fossil fuels which were included in the COP28 declaration issued at the summit held in Dubai. Although over 80 countries pushed for a clear stance on the roadmap to progressively phase out fossil fuels, it was not mentioned in the final text, which simply referred to the COP28 commitment to eliminate fossil fuels.

The presidency of the event has launched voluntary initiatives to transition away from fossil fuels and deforestation. A just transition mechanism has been agreed to enhance international cooperation and knowledge-sharing, although the formal decision left budget details undefined.

The conference also reviewed the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage, establishing new guidance for its funding, which has now begun to accept financing applications.

The importance of forests and nature was also underscored with the launch of an investment fund that rewards nations for keeping their forests intact. Finally, conversations have been held to explore how international trade can support climate goals. Some argue that carbon border adjustment mechanisms and import regulations on forest‑related products could negatively impact developing economies.

The next COP31, following the agreement reached between the two contenders Türkiye and Australia, will be held in the Turkish city of Antalya. However, Australia will play the role of “President of Negotiations” and will host a preCOP in the Pacific in 2026.